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The authors analyzed forms of creatine for sale on Amazon.com and evaluated if the advertised claims are supported by the available scientific evidence, and analyzed the cost per gram of the forms of creatine. A total of 175 creatine supplements were included and the authors reported the total creatine content per serving, form(s) of creatine […]

Tackling impaired bioenergetics in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recently recognized as an innovative approach with therapeutic potential. GAA is an experimental nutrient that plays a significant role in high-energy phosphate metabolism. The preliminary trials suggest beneficial effects of supplemental GAA in MS, with GAA augments biomarkers of brain energy metabolism and improves patient-reported features […]

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a natural amino acid derivative involved in several metabolic pathways across the human body, including creatine biosynthesis, arginine utilization, and neuromodulation. Apart from GAA synthesized internally from glycine and arginine, a total daily exposure to GAA also involves exogenous dietary sources. However, a majority of food databases provide no comprehensive data […]

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA; also known as glycocyamine) is a natural amino acid-like derivative of glycine and L-arginine. GAA plays several metabolic roles in the human body, with creatine synthesis being recognized as a crucial pathway of GAA utilization. A daily output of GAA largely depends on endogenous synthesis that occurs mainly in the kidney and […]

The objective of this pilot trial was to evaluate the effects of 8-week GAA-creatine supplementation versus placebo on skeletal muscle and brain creatine levels, cognitive function, functional outcomes, and safety biomarkers in men and women aged 65 years and older. Twenty-one healthy elderly individuals (age 69.6 ± 4.9 years, body mass index 27.6 ± 4.2 […]

Dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) has been suggested to be advantageous for favorable changes in tissue bioenergetics in terms of responder versus nonresponder performance, yet no studies so far explored the proportion of two distinct populations following short-term GAA intervention. A secondary analysis of previously completed guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) trials has been carried out in aim […]

This study conducted a secondary analysis of previously completed guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) loading trials categorizing participants into responders and non-responders using cut-off points for an increase in the location-specific levels of brain creatine (e.g. thalamus, cerebellum, white and grey matter). A total of 19 healthy men (mean age = 24.8 years) who were supplemented with […]

Co-administration of creatine and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) has been recently put forward as an advanced dietary strategy to optimize tissue bioenergetics. We hypothesized that creatine-GAA mixture would result in a more powerful rise in brain and skeletal muscle creatine, as compared to creatine supplementation alone. A randomized, double-blinded, crossover superiority trial has been performed at […]

We conducted a secondary analysis of a previously completed trial to determine the effects of 8-week guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) loading on brain GAA levels in five healthy men. Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was taken at baseline and post-administration, with spectra additionally analyzed for brain GAA and glutamate concentrations using TARQUIN 4.3.10 software. Brain GAA […]

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is an experimental dietary additive and has been reported to induce methyl depletion when provided by the diet. However, no study evaluated whether supplemental GAA affects DNA methylation, a critical epigenetic process for genome regulation. In this open-label, repeated-measure interventional trial, we evaluated the impact of 12 weeks of GAA supplementation on […]